Overexpression of miR-21, miR-146a and miR-155 was observed in heart and plasma in both phases. Thus, forty female mice of the CD1 strain were distributed into 4 groups and the expression levels of miR-21, miR-146a and miR-155 were measured in samples of heart tissue, total plasma and plasma extracellular vesicles by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This gene serves as a mediator in the TGF-β signaling pathway. In addition, eleven genes were identified through bioinformatics analysis, and we found that SMAD family member 5 was downregulated in both phases.
This software identified 23 pathways associated with Trypanosoma cruzi infection. We also explored a potential functional association of the selected microRNAs using STRING software. Our main objective was to evaluate the involvement of miR-21, miR-146a and miR-155 in several samples from mice infected with the TcI Ninoa strain from the acute and indeterminate phases. Several microRNAs have deregulated expression in chagasic heart disease, although little is known about their extracellular expression. These small regulators of gene expression are involved in physiological and pathological processes in both mammals and parasites. MicroRNAs are found in blood, tissues and extracellular vesicles. Therefore, it is necessary to inquire about the host defense and attack mechanisms to have a more detailed knowledge about Chagas disease. Chagas disease is considered important and presents intense inflammatory and fibrotic processes induced by the perpetuation of the parasite in the affected tissues and organs.
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